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グスタフ・マーラー

グスタフ・マーラー

作曲

1860 — 1911
1860年,ボヘミアの小さな村カリシュトに生まれる。そのあとイーグラヴに移住し、幼いころからアコーディオンやピアノを弾いていた。15歳でウィーン音楽院に入学し、在学中数々の賞を受賞。その後、カッセル、プラハ、ライプツィヒなどの各劇場の楽長を転々とし、指揮者としてキャリアを築く傍ら、作曲を行う日々が続く。36歳でウィーン宮廷歌劇場の芸術監督を務めるまでの時期に、歌曲集《さすらう若者の歌》、《子供の不思議な角笛》、そして交響曲3曲などを完成させている。さらにウィーン・フィルの指揮者も兼任することとなり、コンサートシーズン中は多忙であったため、主に夏季休暇にできる限りの速さで作曲していた。 41歳の時アルマと結婚。この結婚の前後、1899年から1907年にかけてマーラーは交響曲第4番から第8番を一気に書き上げる。時期を同じくして、シェーンベルクやツェムリンスキーとの音楽的交流も深めた。1909年にはニューヨーク・フィルハーモニックの指揮者にも就任し、交響曲第9番も約2か月で完成させた。 長女の死や、アルマとの夫婦関係の破綻によってマーラーは心身ともに打撃を受けていたが、1910年自らの指揮で交響曲第8番を初演し、大成功となる。しかしその間もなく後、病に倒れ、翌年ウィーンで死去した。

Gustav Mahler

Composer 1860 – 1911 Gustav Mahler is regarded as one of the most significant composers of the late Romantic and early Modernist periods. Known for his deeply emotional works, his music blends traditional orchestration with innovative tonal colours. In addition to being a composer, Mahler was a renowned conductor at some of Europe’s most prestigious opera houses. He left behind an extensive legacy that remains influential to this day.

Insights into Mahler’s Biography: His Musical Journey

Born in Kaliště (now part of the Czech Republic), Gustav Mahler showed exceptional musical talent from an early age. By the age of six, he began his musical training, impressing audiences with his virtuosic piano playing and compositional skills. At 15, he entered the Vienna Conservatory, where he connected with many influential figures in the music world who shaped his career. Mahler began his professional career as a conductor at various provincial theatres, including those in Bad Hall and Ljubljana. Between 1888 and 1891, he gained recognition as the conductor of the German Theatre in Prague. He later moved to more prestigious institutions, such as the Budapest Opera House and the Vienna Court Opera. Mahler became famous for his meticulous rehearsals and extraordinary conducting skills. His repertoire included works by contemporary composers like Richard Strauss and classical masters such as Beethoven, Wagner and Mozart. In his later years, Mahler lived in the United States, focusing intensively on his compositions, which became increasingly complex and philosophical.

Mahler and His Music

Gustav Mahler is often seen as a bridge between the late Romantic era and Modernism. His symphonies and song cycles are characterized by intricate structures, exceptional orchestration, and profound emotional depth. Mahler’s music often reflects a deep sense of pessimism, shaped by his personal losses and health struggles. He frequently incorporated symbolic and literary references, making his works both challenging and rewarding for performers and listeners alike.

Most Famous Works

Mahler composed nine symphonies, numerous song cycles, and a famous concert piece. His music is profound, emotionally powerful, and masterfully orchestrated. The following works highlight Mahler’s extraordinary artistry.

Masterful Symphonies

Mahler’s symphonies are among the most renowned and emotional works in classical music. Each symphony is unique, reflecting Mahler’s personal exploration of existential themes.

  • Symphony No. 1 – Mahler’s first symphony, originally titled "Titan", is a powerful work inspired by heroic themes and nature imagery. A particular highlight is the movement “Blumine”, which showcases the lyrical side of his composition.
  • Symphony No. 2 – Known as the "Resurrection Symphony", this piece explores themes of death and rebirth, culminating in a grand, hopeful finale. The final movement combines choir and soloists, building to an emotional crescendo.
  • Symphony No. 5 – Famous for its dramatic contrasts between dark and festive moments, this symphony’s “Adagietto” is especially well-loved. Often interpreted as a love letter, it demonstrates Mahler’s ability to create delicate, emotional melodies.
  • Symphony No. 8 – The "Symphony of a Thousand" is a monumental work addressing themes of love and divine grace. The first part is a hymn to the Holy Spirit, while the second part sets the conclusion of Goethe’s Faust, culminating in a triumphant finale.
  • Symphony No. 9 – Mahler’s ninth symphony is a deeply melancholic piece, reflecting his contemplation of mortality and transience. The slow second movement evokes a sense of resignation and farewell, exploring themes of departure from the world.

Impressive Song Cycles

Through his song cycles, Mahler created some of the most moving vocal works, blending profound emotional depth with intricate text settings. His most famous cycles include:

  • The Song of the Earth – This extraordinary cycle, inspired by Chinese poetry, explores the impermanence of life. The music blends Eastern philosophy with Western musical craftsmanship, reflecting the cyclical nature of existence.
  • Children's Death Songs – This cycle contemplates the grief and sorrow of losing children. Deeply melancholic and existential, the music reflects Mahler’s personal tragedies.
  • The Boy's Magic Horn – Based on a collection of German folk poetry, this cycle is rich in Romantic and folkloric elements. The songs range from humorous to tragic themes and feature diverse instrumentation.

Listen to Gustav Mahler on STAGE+ Now!

Experience Gustav Mahler’s masterworks in the highest quality on STAGE+. From his monumental symphonies to his emotional song cycles, our streaming platform offers a wide selection of albums and concerts that bring Mahler’s unique musical language to life. Be inspired by breathtaking performances and experience the profound emotionality of his music anytime and anywhere.