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アントニン・ドヴォルザーク

アントニン・ドヴォルザーク

作曲

1841 — 1904
ドヴォルザークは北ボヘミアの出身で、父や祖父が音楽好きだったようである。プラハのオルガン学校へと通い、その後ヴィオラ奏者として活動する。 1865年に初めての交響曲を作曲し、1870年には最初の歌劇《アルフレート》を書き上げた。このころワーグナーに影響を受けており、《ニュルンベルクのマイスタージンガー》のプラハ初演にも刺激を受けている。 1870年半ば、ブラームスの目に留まり、これがドヴォルザークの作曲家としてのキャリアを決定づけるものとなった。彼の紹介により、大手出版社のジムロック社より「モラヴィア二重唱曲集」を出版し、成功を収める。 1880年代には交響曲第5番、スラヴ舞曲集、ピアノ協奏曲、ヴァイオリン協奏曲などが作曲され、ヨーロッパやアメリカのコンサートでは定期的に取り上げられるようになった。イギリスとの関係が確立された時期でもあり、同地で交響曲の初演や出版などを行っている。 1892年に、ニューヨークの国立音楽院の学長に就任。アメリカでの生活は、交響曲第9番《新世界より》や弦楽四重奏曲《アメリカ》等の作品に反映されている。その後、アメリカの経済状況と自身の体調の悪化から、周囲の説得にもかかわらずアメリカを去る。 チェコに戻ってからは、プラハ音楽院で教鞭をとるかたわら、オペラの作曲に取り組むようになる。こうして書かれた《ルサルカ》の初演は、大成功を収めた。 1904年脳出血により死去し、葬儀は国葬として営まれた。

Antonín Dvořák

Composer:in 1841 – 1904 Antonín Dvořák is one of the most fascinating composers in the history of music. His works are characterised by an unmistakable combination of Czech folk melodies and Western-influenced classical forms. Born in 1841 in a small village near Prague, he developed from humble beginnings into an international star of the classical music scene. His music reflects the clash of tradition and innovation. From the rhythmic ‘Slavonic Dances’ to the grandiose ‘Symphony No. 9 - From the New World’, Dvořák created a unique world of sound that continues to touch and inspire people to this day.

The combination of love of his homeland and musical modernity

Dvořák was a child of his time and at the same time a visionary artist. Like his compatriots Smetana and Janáček, Dvořák also composed music with a strong nationalistic flavour. In many of his works, he endeavoured to combine specifically Czech musical elements with the contemporary musical language of Western Europe. Some of his early compositions were favourably received, but it was Brahms' support that gave Dvořák a decisive boost to his career in the mid-1870s. His Fifth Symphony, the first volume of the Slavonic Dances were written in the early 1880s, his [Piano Concerto](/video/vod_concert_APNM8GRFDPHMASJKBSR3GDG and his Violin Concerto as well as numerous chamber music works from his pen regularly appear on concert programmes in Europe and the USA. With folkloristic themes, paired with classical harmony and masterful instrumentation, he gained an international audience. This work opened the doors to the great stages of Europe and established his reputation as one of the leading composers of his time.

America and the ‘New World’: cultural exchange as inspiration

In 1892, he travelled to New York, where he directed the National Conservatory of Music for almost four years. These American years found their most lasting expression in the String Quartets and in his 9th Symphony. The American years were a decisive phase in Dvořák's oeuvre. Inspired by spirituals and the sounds of the Native Americans, he found new inspiration for his music. The ‘Symphony No. 9 — From the New World’ in particular is a milestone in which he takes up these influences and embeds them in the European symphonic context. This symphony is considered a masterpiece that captivates many with its epic soundscapes and emotional contrasts. Its worldwide recognition shows how Dvořák overcame cultural boundaries and created a universal musical language that unites people from different backgrounds.

Late work and lasting legacy

After his return from the USA, Dvořák devoted himself to music theatre, a genre that had long fascinated him. This resulted in ‘Rusalka’, one of the most important works of Romantic opera literature. His work is characterised by extraordinary diversity: In addition to symphonies and operas, he left behind a large number of chamber music works, concertos and choral pieces that repeatedly thematise the interplay between national identity and international musical language. This combination makes his compositions timeless and accessible worldwide. Antonín Dvořák was more than just a composer of his time - he was a bridge builder between cultures, traditions and musical worlds. His work combines the folk passion of his Czech homeland with the universal expressiveness of classical music. His ability to unite emotional depth, melodic richness and cultural diversity in his compositions makes him a timeless role model for music history. Dvořák's work shows how music can transcend borders and connect people worldwide.